Continuum

Text Structure

Sentence structure & Grammatical features

Vocabulary

Spelling

Punctuation

Handwriting/ Legibility

1

No clear message.

Example

Random words.

Example

Records word of personal significance – own name, family members.

Example

Random letters/letter like symbols.

Example

No evidence of punctuation.

Example

Letter like forms with some recognisable letters.

Example

2

One or more ideas (not related).

Example

Shows an awareness of correct sentence parts including noun/verb agreement. Meaning may be unclear.

Example

Uses familiar, common words (e.g. like, went) and one, two and three letter high frequency words (e.g. I, my, to, the, a, see, me).

Example

Semi-phonetic, consonant framework, alongside representation of dominant vowel sounds.

Correct spelling of some two and three letter high frequency words (e.g. the, my, to, can).

Example

Some use of capital letters and/or full stops.

Example

Mix of upper and lower case letters and/or some reversals/distortions

(e.g. hnr / ad / bp / vy / i l).

Example

3

Two or three related ideas. May also include other unrelated ideas.

Example

Uses simple clauses, with nouns, verbs, adverbs, which may be linked by "and". Meaning clear.

Example

Everyday vocabulary, for example Oxford first 307 word list plus proper nouns (particular to the child’s cultural context e.g Fruit Fly Circus, Sydney Opera House).

Example

Phonetic spelling – plausible attempts with most sounds in words represented.

Correct spelling of three and four letter high frequency words (e.g. the, like, come, have, went).

Example

Correct use of capital letters & full stops at the start and end of sentences.

Example

Mostly correct letter formations yet may contain poor spacing, positioning, or messy corrections.

Example

4

Four or more sequenced ideas. Clearly connected.

Example

Uses simple and compound sentence/s with appropriate conjunctions (e.g. and, but, then).

Use of adverbial phrases to indicate when, where, how or with whom.

Example

Uses a range of vocabulary, including topic specific words (e.g. A story about going to the zoo might include animal names and behaviours).

Example

Use of orthographic patterns or common English letter sequences. If incorrect they are plausible alternatives (e.g. er for ir or ur; cort for caught).

Use of some digraphs (ck, ay).

Correct use of inflections (ed, ing).

Correct spelling of common words (e.g. was, here, they, this).

Example

Some use, either correct or incorrect, of any of the following:

  • Proper noun capitalisation,
  • Speech marks,
  • Question mark,
  • Exclamation mark,
  • Commas for lists,
  • Apostrophe for possession.
Example

Letters correctly formed, mostly well spaced and positioned.

Example

5

Evidence of structure and features of genre (text type). eg. recount, narrative, report letter.

Example

Uses a variety of sentence structures: simple, compound and complex.

Pronoun reference is correct to track a character or object over sentences.

Example

Demonstrate a variety of vocabulary choices. Includes descriptive or emotive language.

Example

Use of some irregular spelling patterns (e.g. light, cough).

Application of spelling rules (e.g. hope/hoping, skip/skipping).

Correct spelling of more complex common words (e.g. there, their, where, were, why, who).

Example

Uses a range of punctuation correctly.

Example

Regularity of letter size, shape, placement, orientation and spacing.

Example

6

Complex text which shows strong evidence of the features of text type, purpose and audience.

Example

Demonstrates variety in sentence structures, sequence length, and uses a range of sentence beginnings.

Sentences flow with logical sequence throughout the text and show a consistent use of tense.

Example

Correct use of unique field or technically specific vocabulary.

Use of figurative language such as metaphor and/or simile.

Example

Correct spelling of most words including multisyllabic and phonetically irregular words.

Making plausible attempts at unusual words.

Example

Demonstrates control over a variety of punctuation to enhance text meaning.

Example

Correct, consistent, legible, appearing to be fluent

Example

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